1.0 INTRODUCTION
The XRS-4 produces high levels of radiation and must be operated by qualified personnel who
have read the Warning and Operations section of the manual before operating the device.
The XRS-4 is a small, lightweight x-ray generator that operates on its own removable battery pack. The
XRS-4 is a pulsed x-ray device that produces x-ray pulses of very short duration (50 nanoseconds). It
produces a relatively low dose rate comparable to a 0.25 ma constant potential machine. The energy
produced by the XRS-4 is up to 370KVP, which makes it possible to radiograph up to one (1.5) inch
(3.81 cm) of steel.
XRS-4 standard accessories are two keys, two battery packs, and one battery charger. Remote cable,
carrying case, and film developing equipment are also common accessories.
2.0 WARNINGS
The XRS-4 is a pulsed X-ray generator that emits hazardous ionizing radiation when pulsing. The XRS-4
should only be operated by authorized personnel who are properly trained to safely operate the
generator. The XRS-4 must be registered with proper authorities prior to use and should not be used to
intentionally expose humans.
Develop and closely follow a safe operating system for using the XRS-4. The safe operating system
must ensure that no one is exposed to radiation above the permissible limits which are 2 mR (0.02 mSv)
per hour for a member of the public. The safe operating system must ensure the XRS-4 is used
within federal and state guidelines.
All operators and users of the XRS-4 x-ray machine must wear a personal radiation monitoring device,
such as a TLD (thermo luminescent dosimeter), film badge, and/or a pocket dosimeter consistent with
the appropriate federal, territorial or provincial standards (note: an electronic dosimeter will not
detect the XRS-4 radiation pulses).
Due to the short pulse width of the XRS-4, survey meters of the Geiger-Mueller and scintillator type do
not accurately detect the radiation emitted from the x-ray source.
Survey meters should be of the ionization type and should be used in the integration mode.
Survey meters must not be used in the rate mode because the XRS-4 does not produce constant
radiation. The XRS-4 produces very high rates of radiation for very short periods of time resulting in
either unrealistically high readings or no readings for a survey meter in rate mode.
The XRS-4 has no explosion proof rating and should not be used in an explosive atmosphere.
The Spark Gap is vented to the air and could be a source of ignition.
DUTY CYCLE WARNING. The XRS-4 is a light duty machine that is not made to pulse
continuously. The maximum duty cycle for the XRS-4 is 200 pulses every four minutes (3000 pulses
per hour). Two consecutive pulse trains of 99 pulses can be fired then the unit should rest at least four
minutes. Exceeding the duty cycle will shorten the life of the tube and head.
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